Kugeza ubu, hari inzira nyinshi zo gukora ibintu byubaka, bishobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa no gukora inganda zitandukanye.Icyakora, urebye umusaruro w’inganda n’ibiciro by’umusaruro w’inganda zindege, cyane cyane indege za gisivili, birihutirwa kunoza uburyo bwo gukira kugirango ugabanye igihe nigiciro.Byihuta Prototyping nuburyo bushya bwo gukora bushingiye kumahame yo gushiraho no gutondekanya, ni tekinoroji ya prototyping yihuse.Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ririmo guhunika ibumba, gukora amazi, hamwe nibikoresho bya termoplastique.
1. Gukanda muburyo bwihuse bwa tekinoroji ya prototyping
Tekinoroji ya prototyping yihuse yo kubumba ni inzira ishyira ibibanza byateguwe mbere yuburyo bubumbabumbwe, hanyuma nyuma yo gufungwa, ibifuniko bigahuzwa kandi bigakomera binyuze mubushyuhe nigitutu.Umuvuduko wo kwihuta urihuta, ingano yibicuruzwa nukuri, kandi ubwiza bwibumba burahagaze kandi burasa.Hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukoresha, irashobora kugera ku musaruro rusange, mu buryo bwikora, no mu biciro bidahenze byo gukora fibre fibre igizwe nibikoresho byubaka indege za gisivili.
Intambwe zo kubumba:
① Shakisha icyuma gifite imbaraga nyinshi zihuye nubunini bwibice bisabwa kugirango ubyare umusaruro, hanyuma ushyireho ifu mumashini hanyuma uyishyuhe.
② Kora ibikoresho bisabwa kugirango ubone imiterere.Kwitegura nintambwe yingenzi ifasha kunoza imikorere yibice byarangiye.
Shyiramo ibice byateguwe muburyo bushyushye.Noneho shyira ifu kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane, mubisanzwe kuva kuri 800psi kugeza 2000psi (ukurikije ubunini bwigice nubwoko bwibikoresho byakoreshejwe).
④ Nyuma yo kurekura igitutu, kura igice mubice hanyuma ukureho burrs.
Ibyiza byo kubumba:
Kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, kubumba ni tekinoroji ikunzwe.Bimwe mubyatumye ikundwa ni ukubera ko ikoresha ibikoresho bigezweho.Ugereranije n'ibice by'ibyuma, ibyo bikoresho akenshi birakomera, byoroheje, kandi birwanya ruswa, bikavamo ibintu bifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi.
Iyindi nyungu yo kubumba nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibice bigoye cyane.Nubwo iryo koranabuhanga ridashobora kugera ku muvuduko wuzuye wo guterwa inshinge za pulasitike, ritanga ishusho ya geometrike ugereranije nibikoresho bisanzwe byanduye.Ugereranije no guterwa inshinge za plastike, iranemerera fibre ndende, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomera.Kubwibyo, kubumba bishobora kugaragara nkubutaka bwo hagati hagati yo guterwa inshinge za pulasitike no gukora ibintu byinshi.
1.1 Inzira yo gushiraho SMC
SMC ni impfunyapfunyo yerekana urupapuro rukora ibikoresho, ni ukuvuga urupapuro rukora ibikoresho.Ibikoresho nyamukuru bigizwe na SMC idasanzwe idasanzwe, resin idahagije, inyongeramusaruro nke, ibyuzuza, nibindi bitandukanye.Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, yagaragaye bwa mbere mu Burayi.Ahagana mu 1965, Amerika n'Ubuyapani byateje imbere ikoranabuhanga.Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho imirongo igezweho ya SMC n'ibikorwa biva mu mahanga.SMC ifite ibyiza nkibikorwa byamashanyarazi birenze, kurwanya ruswa, uburemere bworoshye, hamwe nubuhanga bworoshye kandi bworoshye.Imiterere yubukanishi irashobora kugereranwa nibikoresho bimwe byicyuma, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa nkubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nubuhanga bwamashanyarazi.
1.2 Uburyo bwo gushiraho BMC
Mu 1961, uruganda rutunganijwe neza (SMC) rwakozwe na Bayer AG mu Budage rwashyizwe ahagaragara.Mu myaka ya za 1960, Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) yatangiye kuzamurwa mu ntera, izwi kandi ku izina rya DMC (Dough Molding Compound) mu Burayi, itigeze ikomera mu ntangiriro zayo (1950);Ukurikije ibisobanuro by'Abanyamerika, BMC ni BMC yuzuye.Nyuma yo kwemera ikoranabuhanga ry’iburayi, Ubuyapani bwageze ku bikorwa bikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa no guteza imbere BMC, kandi mu myaka ya za 1980, ikoranabuhanga ryari rimaze gukura cyane.Kugeza ubu, matrix yakoreshejwe muri BMC ntabwo yuzuye polyester resin.
BMC ni ya plastike ya termosetting.Ukurikije ibintu biranga ibintu, ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya mashini yo gutera inshinge ntibigomba kuba hejuru cyane kugirango byorohereze ibintu.Kubwibyo, muburyo bwo gutera inshinge za BMC, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibintu bifatika ni ngombwa cyane, kandi hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo kugenzura kugirango ubushyuhe bukwiranye, kugirango tugere ku bushyuhe bwiza kuva mu gice cyo kugaburira kugeza kuri nozzle.
1.3 Kubumba Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD)
Ibumba rya polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) ahanini ni matrise nziza aho kuba plastiki ishimangiwe.Ihame ryibikorwa bya PDCPD, ryagaragaye mu 1984, riri mu cyiciro kimwe no kubumba polyurethane (PU), kandi ryakozwe bwa mbere na Amerika n'Ubuyapani.
Telene, ishami rya sosiyete yo mu Buyapani Zeon Corporation (iherereye i Bondues, mu Bufaransa), yageze ku ntsinzi nini mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere PDCPD n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.
Inzira ya RIM ubwayo iroroshye kuyikora kandi ifite amafaranga make yumurimo ugereranije nibikorwa nka spray ya FRP, RTM, cyangwa SMC.Igiciro cyakoreshejwe na PDCPD RIM kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na SMC.Kurugero, moteri ya moteri ya Kenworth W900L ikoresha nikel shell na cast ya aluminiyumu, hamwe nubucucike buke bufite uburemere bwihariye bwa 1.03 gusa, ntibigabanya ibiciro gusa ahubwo binagabanya ibiro.
1.4 Gushiraho kumurongo wa Fibre Yongerewe imbaraga ya Thermoplastique Ibikoresho (LFT-D)
Ahagana mu 1990, LFT (Long Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) yamenyekanye ku isoko mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Isosiyete ya CPI muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika nisosiyete yambere kwisi yateje imbere umurongo ugizwe na fibre ndende ya fibre ishimangira ibikoresho byo kubumba hamwe nubuhanga bujyanye nayo (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Yinjiye mubikorwa byubucuruzi mu 1991 kandi ni umuyobozi wisi yose muriki gice.Diffenbarcher, isosiyete yo mu Budage, yakoze ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya LFT-D kuva mu 1989. Kugeza ubu, hari LFT D, Umudozi LFT (ushobora kugera ku mbaraga z’ibanze zishingiye ku guhangayikishwa n’imiterere), hamwe na Surface LFT-D (hejuru igaragara, hejuru cyane ubuziranenge) ikoranabuhanga.Urebye kumurongo wibyakozwe, urwego rwibinyamakuru bya Diffenbarcher ni hejuru cyane.Sisitemu yo gukuramo D-LFT ya societe yubudage ya Coperation iri kumwanya wambere mumahanga.
1.5 Ikoranabuhanga rya Mouldless Casting Technology (PCM)
PCM (Pattern less Casting Manufacturing) yatejwe imbere na Laser Rapid Prototyping Centre ya kaminuza ya Tsinghua.Ikoranabuhanga ryihuta rya prototyping rigomba gukoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo guta umucanga.Ubwa mbere, shaka icyitegererezo cya CAD uhereye mugice cya CAD.Idosiye ya STL ya casting ya CAD itondekanye kugirango ibone amakuru yumwirondoro wamakuru, hanyuma ikoreshwa mugutanga amakuru yo kugenzura.Mugihe cyo kubumba, nozzle ya mbere isuka neza neza kuri buri gice cyumucanga ukoresheje mudasobwa, mugihe nozzle ya kabiri itera catalizator munzira imwe.Byombi bigenda byuzuzanya, bigakomera umusenyi kumurongo kandi bigakora ikirundo.Umucanga mukarere kafatira hamwe na catalizator ukorera hamwe urakomatanyirizwa hamwe, mugihe umucanga mubindi bice bikomeza kuba muburyo bwa granular.Nyuma yo gukiza urwego rumwe, urwego rukurikira rurahuzwa, kandi nyuma yuburyo bwose buhujwe, haboneka umwanya uhari.Umucanga wumwimerere uracyari umucanga wumye ahantu hatabitswe ibiti, byoroshye kuvanaho.Mugusukura umucanga wumye udakijijwe hagati, hashobora kuboneka ifu yo guteramo hamwe nubunini bwurukuta runaka.Nyuma yo gushira cyangwa gusiga irangi hejuru yimbere yumusenyi, irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuka ibyuma.
Ubushyuhe bwo gukiza bwibikorwa bya PCM mubusanzwe ni 170 ℃.Ubukonje nyabwo hamwe no gukonjesha bikoreshwa mugikorwa cya PCM bitandukanye no kubumba.Gushira ubukonje hamwe no gukonjesha bikonje bikubiyemo gushyira progaramu ya gahoro gahoro ukurikije imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bisabwa mugihe ifumbire iri ku mbeho ikonje, hanyuma ugafunga ifu hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukora nyuma yo gushira birangiye kugirango utange igitutu runaka.Muri iki gihe, ifu irashyuha ikoresheje imashini yubushyuhe, Ubusanzwe inzira ni ukuzamura ubushyuhe kuva mubushyuhe bwicyumba ukagera kuri 170 and, kandi igipimo cyo gushyuha kigomba guhinduka ukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.Byinshi muribi bikozwe muri plastiki.Iyo ubushyuhe bwububiko bugeze ku bushyuhe bwagenwe, kubika no kubika ingufu birakorwa kugirango bikize ibicuruzwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.Nyuma yo gukira birangiye, birakenewe kandi gukoresha imashini yubushyuhe kugirango ikonje ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe busanzwe, kandi igipimo cyo gushyushya nacyo gishyirwa kuri 3-5 ℃ / min, Noneho komeza ukingure ibumba no gukuramo igice.
2. Ikoranabuhanga ryamazi
Ikorana buhanga ryamazi (LCM) bivuga urukurikirane rwibikoresho bigizwe na tekinoroji ya mbere ishyira fibre yumye ikora mumyanya ifunze, hanyuma igashyiramo ibisigazwa byamazi mumyanya yububiko nyuma yo gufunga.Mugihe cyumuvuduko, resin iratemba kandi ikanyunyuza fibre.Ugereranije no gukanda bishyushye birashobora gukora inzira, LCM ifite ibyiza byinshi, nko kuba ibereye gukora ibice bifite ibipimo bihanitse kandi bigaragara neza;Igiciro gito cyo gukora nigikorwa cyoroshye.
By'umwihariko inzira yumuvuduko mwinshi RTM yateye imbere mumyaka yashize, HP-RTM (High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), mu magambo ahinnye yuburyo bwo kubumba HP-RTM.Yerekeza ku buryo bwo kubumba uburyo bwo gukoresha umuvuduko ukabije wo kuvanga no gutera inshinge mu cyuho gifunze cyashizweho mbere y’ibikoresho byongewemo fibre hamwe n’ibikoresho byashyizwemo mbere, hanyuma ukabona ibicuruzwa biva mu bikoresho binyuze mu kuzuza amazi, gutera inda, gukiza, no kumena. .Mugabanye igihe cyo gutera inshinge, byitezwe kugenzura igihe cyo gukora ibice byububiko bwindege mu minota icumi, bikagera kuri fibre nyinshi hamwe ninganda zikora cyane.
Uburyo bwo gukora HP-RTM nimwe mubikorwa byo guhuza ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinshi.Ibyiza byayo biri muburyo bwo kugera ku giciro gito, cyigihe gito, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe n’umusaruro wo mu rwego rwo hejuru (hamwe n’ubuziranenge bwiza) ugereranije na gakondo ya RTM.Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye nko gukora amamodoka, kubaka ubwato, gukora indege, imashini zubuhinzi, gutwara gari ya moshi, kubyara amashanyarazi, ibicuruzwa bya siporo, nibindi.
3. Ikoreshwa rya Thermoplastique yibikoresho bigize tekinoroji
Mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya thermoplastique byahindutse ahantu h’ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bikomatanyirizwa hamwe haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n’inyungu zabo zo guhangana n’ingaruka zikomeye, ubukana bukabije, kwihanganira ibyangiritse cyane, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza.Gusudira hamwe nibikoresho bya thermoplastique birashobora kugabanya cyane umubare wa rivet na bolt ihuza indege, bigatera imbere cyane umusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.Nk’uko byatangajwe na Airframe Collins Aerospace, urwego rwa mbere rutanga ibikoresho byindege, ngo bidashyushye birashobora gukora ibyuma bisusurutsa bya termo-plastike bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingengabihe y’inganda ku kigero cya 80% ugereranije n’ibyuma hamwe n’ibikoresho bya termosetting.
Gukoresha umubare wibikoresho bikwiye, guhitamo inzira yubukungu cyane, gukoresha ibicuruzwa mubice bikwiye, kugera ku ntego zateganijwe mbere, no kugera ku kigereranyo cyiza cyibiciro byibicuruzwa byahoze ari icyerekezo. y'imbaraga kubakora ibikoresho bifatika.Nizera ko inzira nyinshi zo kubumba zizatezwa imbere mugihe kizaza kugirango umusaruro ukenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2023
